Anti-PD‑1-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus in patient with recurrent oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer

Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting a programmed cell death ligand (PD-L1) have been major breakthrough in the treatment of many cancers . Nivolumab is an antibody that selectively blocks PD‑1 receptor on surface cytotoxic T- cells to prevent downregulation immune response can cause immune-related adverse events , including endocrine ones Type 1 diabetes mellitus one severe rare and potentially lethal diagnosed less than 1% patients receiving The total incidence type associated with inhibitor relatively low ; however it develops rapidly life-threatening without timely diagnosis Since are widely used cancer complications such as should attract medical attention During specialists help better recognize symptoms hyperglycemia or diabetic ketoacidosis which requires careful observation regular monitoring blood glucose levels rapid detection correct